What is international export control?
Export controls are U.S. laws and regulations that regulate and restrict the release of critical technologies, information, and services to foreign nationals, within and outside of the United States, and foreign countries for reasons of foreign policy and national security.
Why are there international export controls?
Export control laws are in place to protect U.S. national security, foreign policy, and economic interests without imposing undue regulatory burdens on legitimate international trade. An export control license is the U.S. government mechanism to allow and trace transfers of export controlled technologies.
What is MTCR group?
The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is an intergovernmental organization whose members implement voluntary export controls on missiles capable of delivering nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, as well as related technology. As of April 2021, 35 nations are members of the MTCR.
What is export control policy?
The purpose of these laws is to restrict access to items or information that might be contrary to U.S. interests. Export Control laws regulate the content, destination, and recipient of exported items or information. In practice, the impact of Export Control laws is limited to a narrow set of issues and individuals.
What are the two types of export control?
What are the export controls and what do I need to check?
- Commodity controls. This regulates the goods being exported.
- Prohibited destinations. Some countries may have embargoes or sanctions in place, which means you might not be able to ship goods there.
- Denied Party lists.
- End-use of your goods.
Why is China not in MTCR?
In 2004 China applied to join the MTCR after pledging to follow all rules, but members did not offer China membership because of concerns about China’s export control standards. Israel, Romania and Slovakia have also agreed to voluntarily follow MTCR export rules though not yet members.
Is India in MTCR?
There are currently 35 countries that are members (Partners) of the MTCR: Argentina (1993); Australia (1990); Austria (1991); Belgium (1990); Brazil (1995); Bulgaria (2004); Canada (1987); Czech Republic (1998); Denmark (1990); Finland (1991); France (1987); Germany (1987); Greece 1992); Hungary (1993); Iceland (1993); …
What is an ECCN number EAR99?
An ECCN (short for Export Control Classification Number), is a designation that an item, which can be a tangible or intangible (i.e., software or technology), is controlled because of its specific performance characteristics, qualities, or designed-end use.
How many types of export control are there?
The three primary sources of export control regulations are the U.S. Department of Commerce Export Administration Regulations (EAR), the U.S. Department of State International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), and the U.S. Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC).
What is the difference between ITAR and export control?
International Traffic In Arms (ITAR): Regulates the sale, distribution, and manufacturing of defense-related items. The Export Administration Regulations (EAR): Regulates dual-use items not covered by ITAR, but still applies to some defense-related items.